Lipalesa tsa naha tse lenngoeng ka lijalo tsa litapole li ka laola hoaba e jereng mafu mme e ka thusa balemi ho tobana le palo e fokotsehang ea likokoanyana. Libaka tsa lipalesa tsa naha tse lenngoeng lihloohong le lipakeng tsa li-tramline tsa lijalo li bontšitsoe ho hohela lira tsa tlhaho tsa hoaba - e leng li-hoverflies, lacewings le bo-ladybird.
Scottish Agronomy, sehlopha sa baeletsi ba lijalo, esale e leka mokhoa ona ho thusa balemi ho sebetsana ka katleho le thibelo ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le ho eketsa ho hlaba hoaba ho ba bang. Boemo ba vaerase ea litapole e senyang haholo Y, mofuta oa N (PVYn), e se e le boemong bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa lijalong tsa litapole tsa peo ka lilemo tse 20, ho totobatsa tlhoko ea mekhoa e mecha ea taolo ea hoaba. Eric Anderson, setsebi sa thuto ea temo sehlopheng sena, o re ka bobeli ke baetsi ba lihlahisoa mme, ho bohlokoa le ho feta, bahlahisi ba litapole tsa peo ba lebelletse nako ea ho bolaea likokoanyana tse fokolang.
O re: "Pono ke ho fokotsa meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana mme balemi ba hlokomela hore likokoanyana tse ling li ke ke tsa fumaneha nako e telele."
Taolo ea lik'hemik'hale
Ha joale, likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana tsa Pyrethroid li ntse li hlahlojoa ke balaoli, ha hoaba tse ling li ntse li hanyetsa kapa li bontšitse phetoho ea kutlo ho lihlahisoa tsena. Ho sa le joalo, litsamaiso tse kang acetamiprid (Insyst) le flonicamid (Teppeki) li na le palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea likopo tse lumelloang lijalong tsa litapole tsa peo, 'me lithibelo li ka thatafala ho ea pele.
Le ha lijalo tsa litapole tsa peo ea Scottish li hola feela ka holim'a mobu libeke tse robeli ho isa ho tse 10, taolo ea hoaba e bohlokoa molemong oa bophelo ba peo le ts'ebetso ea indasteri eohle. Mong Anderson o lekile mokhoa oa ho holisa lipalesa tsa naha tse hlaha hloohong, ekaba ka 3m e hlobolisa bophara bo bong le bo bong ba tramline kapa bophara bo bong le bo bong ba tramline. Sena se theha liphaseje ka sejalo le ka mefuta-futa, ho suthela hole le sistimi ea monoculture e ngoe le ho its'etleha hofe ho taolo ea lik'hemik'hale.
Lipalesa tsa naha ea hlaha
Mosebetsi oa Mong Anderson o supile mefuta e joalo ka palesa ea poone, vetch e tloaelehileng le yarrow e le matlo a matle bakeng sa lira tsa hoaba tse lokelang ho holisoa, 'me lipalesa tsena tsa naha li bophahamong bo tlase ho hola ho lekana lijalo tsa litapole. O ntse a hloekisa hore na ke mefuta efe e lokelang ho jaloa le ho jala matsatsi, mme o ts'epa hore sena se ka lumella balemi ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea bona ea likokoanyana nakong e tlang. Bothata ba vaerase bo ka bang teng litapoleng bo mpefatsoa le ho feta ke ho ntša diquat (Reglone) joalo ka desiccant. Sena se bolela hore haulm ea lijalo e lula e le tala nako e telele, kahoo e kotsing ea ho tsoa likokoana-hloko tse hasang hoaba.
Mosebetsi oa ho etsa lipatlisiso Switzerland, o etsoang ke Matthias Tschumi, o fumane hore lipalesa tsa naha li sebetsa hantle haholo ho hoheleng lira tsa hoaba le ho fokotseha ha matla a hoaba. Har'a lira tsa tlhaho tse tharo, li-hoverflies li bontšitse keketseho e kholo ka ho fetesisa ea lipalo ha e bapisoa le litapole tse e potileng, ha li-lacewings le bo-ladybird li ne li le holimo haholo.
Nako ea Lag
Mong Anderson o supa hore ho ka ba le nako e salang ho fihlela lira tsa tlhaho li ba le nako ea ho iketsetsa lipalo. Ka hona, ho na le monyetla oa taolo e kopaneng ea tse senyang lijalo (IPM) ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa setso le tsa sejoale-joale ho laola hoaba. Mokhoa ona o ntse o phenyekolloa polasing ea litapole ea AHDB e Morphie, leboea ho Montrose, mme ho ts'epaha hore kamohelo e pharalletseng ea IPM e tla ntlafatsa taolo ea PVYn ha e ntse e fokotsa tšebeliso ea likokoanyana.
Bophelo bo botle ba vaerase ea litapole tsa peo ea Scotland ke sebaka se ikhethileng sa ho rekisa Borithane le lefats'e ka bophara. Leha ho le joalo, bongata ba vaerase lijalong bo eketsehile haholo nakong ea 2019 le 2020, ka boemo bo holimo ka ho fetesisa bo tlalehiloeng lilemong tse fetang 20. Kokoana-hloko ea mantlha e tšoenyang ke PVY mme khatello ea mantlha hajoale ke PVYn, e nang le aphid ea litapole (Myzus persicae) e nkuoa e le vector e sebetsang hantle ka ho fetisisa ea vaerase. Baerase e ka baka tahlehelo e totobetseng ea lihlahisoa, likoli tsa methapo le ho peperana. Kokoana-hloko ea lekhasi la litapole le eona e eketsehile, leha e le tlase haholo.