Sisteme e sebelisa litšoantšo tsa sathalaete haufi le bohlale ba maiketsetso mme e se e lekile ka katleho ho lebella ts'ebetso ea litapole.
Bafuputsi ba tsoang Remote Sensing Laboratory (LATUV) ea Univesithi ea Valladolid (UVa) ba qapile lethathamo le lecha la limela le khonang ho ntlafatsa mefuta ea ponelopele ea lijalo. Mokhoa o mocha, o sebelisang litšoantšo tsa satellite tsa ESA Sentinel-2 le ho ithuta mochini le mekhoa ea bohlale ba maiketsetso, o lekile ka katleho ho boneng pele chai ea litapole le koro.
Tlhahiso ea temo e ipapisitse le lintlha tse ngata, tsa batho le tsa tikoloho, tse bakang lipelaelo tse kholo hara lihoai. Empa theknoloji e ka ba molekane oa bohlokoa ho e fokotsa. Sena ke boemo ba mefuta ea likhomphutha e batlang ho etsisa boitšoaro ba sejalo tlasa maemo a ikhethileng, mohlala, mobu, tlelaemete kapa mekhoa ea temo, mme, ho latela kholo ena e lebelletsoeng, hakanya tlhahiso ea temo.
"Ho na le mefuta e mengata 'me hangata e totobetse mofuta o mong le o mong oa sejalo," ho hlalosa Diego Gómez, mofuputsi oa LATUV ebile e le mongoli oa pele oa lithuto tse peli tse sa tsoa phatlalatsoa likoranteng International Journal of Remote Sensing and Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.
Empa mefuta ena ea kholo ea setso e na le meeli e meng, joalo ka "ho se khone ho bapisa maemo a sebaka ka har'a sephutheloana se le seng" kapa bongata ba tlhaiso-leseling eo ba e hlokang hore "hangata ha e fumanoe ka lebaka la theko e phahameng ea nako le chelete e amehang ho li bokelleng . ”
Sebaka se holang sa litapole moo likhakanyo li entsoe / D. Gómez
Kahoo, lilemong tsa morao tjena re becha ka mahlale a morao-rao, a sebelisang litšoantšo tse bonoang tse nkiloeng ke li-sensor (tse kentsoeng lisathalaete, lifofane, li-drones, jj.) Mme e ka tlatselletsang ebile maemong a mang mefuta ena ea setso. Litšoantšo tsena tse hlakileng li fana ka tlhaiso-leseling ka boemo kapa phenology ea sejalo - liphetoho tse bonahalang tse kantle tsa ts'ebetso ea kholo ea semela - tse kopantsoeng le meetso e fetolang tlhaiso-leseling eo ea ho kenya ho lepa lijalo.
"Litšoantšo tse bonoang li koahela tlhoko ea tlhaiso-leseling, li lumella ho fihlella libaka tsa marang-rang, 'me li theko e tlase. Ba boetse ba khona ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling e amanang le matla a tlhahiso a lijalo, "ho bolela mofuputsi oa LATUV, ea hopolang hore e 'ngoe ea li-indices tsa lipalo - mekhoa ea lipalo e kopanyang lihlopha tsa lipono - tsa limela tse atisang ho sebelisoa ho hakanya matla kapa botenya ba limela - bo qetellang bo bolela esale pele ka tlhahiso ea lijalo - ke NDVI (NDVI).
Ts'ebeliso ea lethathamo la linako tsa index ena ho hlahisa mefuta ea lijalo tse boletsoeng esale pele e atile haholo libukeng tsa mahlale. Lenane lena le sebelisa ponahalo ea limela - bokhoni ba limela ba ho bonts'a leseli - ka lihlopha tse peli tse bonoang, tse khubelu le tse bofubelu bo haufi, tse amanang le leseli le leng le sebelisetsoang photosynthesis le sebopeho sa sele ea makhasi.
Lenane le lecha la limela
Bafuputsi ba LATUV ba hlahisitse index e ncha e bitsoang PPI e ipapisitse le litšoantšo tsa satellite tsa ESA Sentinel-2 tseo, ntle le ho nahanisisa ka tlhaiso-leseling e bileng teng ho photosynthesis - li-nanometer tse 400 ho isa ho tse 700 - tse elang hloko tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang libakeng tse ling tsa motlakase oa motlakase -704 nanometers, Red band band le 945 nanometers, band vapor absorption vap-, e ka fanang ka leseli le leng la bohlokoa ka boemo ba sejalo, joalo ka khatello ea metsi - ha semela se batla metsi a mangata ho feta ao se nang le ona.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba bapisa matla a ho bolela esale pele a li-indices tsa limela ka bobeli, NDVI le PPI, hammoho le tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ho tsoa litšoantšong tsa satellite. Ho etsa sena, ba sebelisitse mekhoa e 'meli ea Artificial Intelligence le Machine Learning (e bitsoang Random Forest le Support Vector Machine), mme ba hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng moo ba kopantseng li-index tsena le lihlopha tse ling tsa satellite.
"Khopolo-taba e ne e le hore, ka ho sebelisa index e sebelisang lihlopha tse ling tse sa kenyellelitsoeng ho index ea NDVI e tsebahalang, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e nang le monyetla oa ho fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le lijalo, mefuta ea ponelopele e tla ba betere," ho bolela Gómez, ea tsoelang pele hore, qetellong, bokhoni ba ho bolela esale pele ba mehlala "bo eketsehile ha li-indices tsa limela kapa ka bobeli li kenyelelitsoe", e ananelang "ts'ebeliso ea data ena e kopane le lihlopha tse itseng tsa satellite".
Likhakanyo tse nepahetseng tsa temo ea litapole
Liphetho li bonts'a hore index ea PPI e fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e ts'oanang le NDVI ha o sebelisa algorithm ea Support Vector Machine, mme e ruta haholo ho feta NDVI ha o sebelisa algorithm ea Random Forest, e ts'episang "ho beha tafoleng lenane le lecha la limela le ka ntlafatsang ponelopele. mefuta ea kotulo e ipapisitse le litšoantšo tsa satellite ”.
Ho fihlela hajoale, index e ncha e se e lekile ka temo ea litapole sebakeng sa boithuto se fumanehang sebakeng se le seng. Kamora lijo-thollo, litapole ke se seng sa lijalo tsa bohlokoahali lefatšeng ka bophara. E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ireletsong ea lijo linaheng tse tsoelang pele hape e na le boima bo boholo lekaleng la temo la Europe, mme Jeremane, Fora, Netherlands le Poland e le bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong. E lekiloe hape ka koro ka lintlha tse nkiloeng Mexico.
Mohopolo oa lisebelisoa ke ho eketsa palo ea data ho ntlafatsa ho tiea ha mohlala, ho koahela sebaka se seholo sa boithuto ho eketsa phapang ea sebaka le ho kenyelletsa lijalo tse ncha. Maikutlo a itšetlehileng ka tsoelopele ea lichelete ebile a ka thusa lihoai ho noha kotulo ea bona ka ts'epahalo nakong e tlang.