#soilorganicmatter #agriculture #soilhealth #nutrientcycling #soilstructure #waterretention #sustainableagriculture #climateresilience #organicfarming
Ho latela lintlha tsa morao-rao tse tsoang lithutong tsa temo, mobu oa organic matter (SOM) o bapala karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong bo botle le tšebetso ea mobu. Ke motsoako o rarahaneng oa limela le liphoofolo tse phelang le tse sa pheleng tse susumetsang haholo thepa ea mobu le liphello tsa temo. Organic matter e sebetsa e le sepholi sa tlhaho sa mobu, se fana ka melemo e mengata ho lihoai, litsebi tsa temo, lienjiniere tsa temo, beng ba mapolasi le bo-rasaense ba amehang temong.
Molemo o mong oa bohlokoa oa manyolo ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa mobu. E khothalletsa ho thehoa ha lihlopha tse tsitsitseng, ho lumella moea o ntlafetseng, ho kenella ha metsi, le ho kenella ha metso. Phuputso e entsoeng ke Lefapha la Temo le Tikoloho ea Saense univesithing e ka sehloohong e senotse hore mobu o nang le lintho tse ngata tse phelang o ntlafalitse sebopeho sa mobu, se lebisang ho holeng ha lijalo le ho fokotsa khoholeho.
Ntho e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea SOM ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho eketsa matla a ho tšoara metsi mobung. Organic matter e sebetsa joalo ka seponche, e ts'oara mongobo 'me e thibela ho tsoa mouoane ho feteletseng. Tšobotsi ena e bohlokoa ka ho khetheha libakeng tse kotsing ea komello. Lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tse phatlalalitsoeng ho Journal of Soil Science li bontšitse hore mobu o nang le lintho tse ngata tsa manyolo o ekelitse matla a ho boloka metsi haholo, ho netefatsa phepelo e tsitsitseng ea metsi bakeng sa lijalo nakong ea komello.
Ho feta moo, lintho tse phelang li tšehetsa ho bolokoa le phepelo ea limatlafatsi mobung. E sebetsa e le letamo la limatlafatsi tsa bohlokoa tsa limela tse kang naetrojene, phosphorus le potasiamo. Ho ea ka phuputso e entsoeng ke Soil Science Society of America, lintho tse phelang li ntlafatsa ho tsamaea ka libaesekele tsa limatlafatsi, ho etsa hore limatlafatsi li fumanehe haholoanyane ho limela, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho tsuba, le ho eketsa katleho ea tšebeliso ea limatlafatsi.
Ho feta moo, lintho tsa manyolo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho eketseng matla a litsamaiso tsa temo ho fetola maemo a tikoloho. Ha ho tobane le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le mathata a amanang le eona, ho boloka maemo a lekaneng a lintho tse phelang ho ba bohlokoa le ho feta. Patlisiso e batsi e entsoeng ke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) e hatisitse hore mobu o ruileng ka lintho tse phelang o khona ho mamella maemo a leholimo a feteletseng, taolo e ntlafetseng ea mongobo oa mobu, le ho eketseha ho hanyetsa ho senyeha ha mobu.
Ho laola lintho tse phelang hantle, lihoai le litsebi tsa temo li ka sebelisa mekhoa e mengata. Khetho e nepahetseng ea lijalo tse fapanyetsanoang, ho kenyeletsoa lijalo tse khurumetsang le lijalo tsa moiteli o motala, li ka kenya letsoho ho tlatseleng lintho tse phelang mobung. Ho feta moo, ts'ebeliso ea manyolo ka litlama kapa mehloli e meng ea lintho tse phelang tse sebelisoang hape, joalo ka moiteli oa liphoofolo kapa masalla a lijalo, a ka ntlafatsa haholo maemo a lintho tse phelang. Babatlisisi ba Lefapha la Temothuo le Disaense tsa Tikologo ba bontshitse gore go tsenngwa ga mosutele mo mmung go dira gore go nne le koketsego e e bonalang ya diteng tsa tlhago, go solegela molemo monono wa mmu le tlhagiso ya dijalo.
Lintho tse phelang mobung ke karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fihlela temo e phetseng hantle le e tsitsitseng. E susumetsa sebopeho sa mobu, matla a ho tšoara metsi, ho fumaneha ha limatlafatsi, le bophelo bo botle ba mobu ka kakaretso. Ka ho utloisisa bohlokoa ba lintho tse phelang le ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa e nepahetseng ea taolo, lihoai, litsebi tsa temo, lienjiniere tsa temo, beng ba mapolasi, le bo-ramahlale ba ka ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea temo, ba fokotsa mathata a tikoloho, le ho netefatsa tšebeliso ea mobu e tsitsitseng.
Source: Balemi ba Litapole ba Australia