Ho jala lipalesa tsa naha ka lijalo tsa litapole ho ka fokotsa likokoana-hloko tse tsamaisoang ke hoaba le ho fana ka mokhoa o mong oa ho fokotsa phihlello ea lithibela-mafu bakeng sa balemi. Naheng ea Scotland, ho ntse ho etsoa liteko ho fumana katleho ea mekhahlelo ea lipalesa e ntseng e hola litselaneng tsa marang-rang le lihloohong ho khothaletsa baahi ba tlhaho ho fokotsa tse senyang e le karolo ea leano le kopaneng la taolo ea likokoanyana (IPM).
Eric Anderson, setsebi sa temo ea temo le litapole ho Scottish Agronomy, o etella liteko pele le setho sa litapole sa Scottish Agronomy Jim Reid ho Milton of Mathers Farm. Jim ke moamoheli oa hajoale oa polasi ea AHDB Strategic Potato (SPoT) mme, a na le AHDB, Eric, le Colin Herron le Colin Ross ba tsoang McCain Litapole, o shebile mehato e fapaneng e tšoarellang e le karolo ea projeke ea lilemo tse 'ne ea SPoT.
Jim, ea lemang lihekthara tse 80 tsa litapole tsa peo, o itse:
“Khoebo ea litapole tsa peo ea Scotland e ipapisitse le botumo bo botle ba bophelo bo botle ba vaerase, le khatello ea phihlello ea phihlello ea meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana, ekaba ka taolo kapa ho hanyetsa hoaba. Ho bohlokoa ho feta neng kapa neng ho sheba hore na re ka sebelisa biology joang le chemistry e reretsoeng ho boloka mafu bonyane. Ho na le khaello ea mokhoa o akaretsang oa IPM o kopanyang lisebelisoa tsa setso le tsa sejoale-joale. Ka liteko tsena re ntse re hlahloba likarolo tsa baeloji, tikoloho le thuto ea ho iphetola ha lintho le kamoo re ka nahanang bocha ka taolo ea hoaba le ea potyvirus ka bongata. ”
Ketsahalo ea vaerase ea lijalo tsa litapole tsa peo ea 2019 e fihlile hofihlela lilemo tse 20 mme tlhahlobo ea sehla sena e fana ka maikutlo a ts'oanang bakeng sa 2020. Motho ea ka sehloohong ke Potyvirus, PVY, haholo-holo PVYN khatello, empa PLRV le eona e eketsehile leha ho le joalo ho tloha botlaaseng bo tlase haholo. PVYn ho ea ka Eric, 'me likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana tsa pyrethroid li ntse li hlahlojoa ke balaoli. Ntle le moo, ho na le monyetla oa hore ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele ea li-pyrethroids e kotsing ea ho khetha ho hanyetsa pyrethroid kapa ho fetoha ha kutlo ho sekhahla sa tšimo ho hoaba eo e seng kolone. Ho boetse ho na le khatello e ntseng e eketseha ho tsoa ho barekisi bakeng sa botsamaisi ba tikoloho bo khothalletsang mefuta-futa ea limela le ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale.
E bululetsoe ke lipatlisiso tsa Rothamsted ho kopanya lipalesa tsa naha hore e be masimo a rantipole le ke mosebetsi oa Matthias Tschumi oa Switzerland mabapi le melemo ea tlatsetso ea litapole, Eric o supile mefuta e joalo ka palesa ea poone, vetch e tloaelehileng le yarrow e sebetsang haholo ho hoheng lira tsa tlhaho tsa hoaba. Tsena ke limela tse holang tlase tse lekanyang bophahamo bo lekanang le ba lijalo tsa litapole.
Ho Milton of Mathers, marang-rang a bophara ba 3m ka bophara a chekiloe lipakeng tsa li-tramline, a theha lisebelisoa tsa lijo tsa lipalesa le sebaka sa bolulo se hohelang li-hoverflies, lacewings le bo-ladybird. Eric oa eketsa:
“Sena se tla etsa hore liporojeke li be haufi le sejalo, ho eketse mefuta-futa ea limela le liphoofolo molemong oa tsamaiso ea temo e le 'ngoe ka ts'epahalo ea eona e kholo ea taolo ea lik'hemik'hale le ho baka tšusumetso e kholo kaha libatana li haufi le tse senyang lijalo. Re ntse re hloekisa, ho lekola hore na mefuta e jalitsoeng le matsatsi a ho jala a na le tšusumetso boleng ba masela le hore na e ts'ehetsa mefuta ea lira tsa tlhaho tse hlokahalang ho laola tse senyang lijalo tsa litapole le ho li isa lijalong ha ho hlokahala.
“Ke khale ho hlokomeloa hore hoaba li khahloa ke khanya e tsoang mobung o nang le libethe tse se nang letho le limela tse fapaneng tsa boahelani. Ho jala metsoako ea lipalesa tsa naha kapa ho ala matlakala libetheng tsena tse se nang letho ke mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho fokotsa moloko oa pele - FG2 le FG3 - balemi ba peo, ba nang le libaka tse ngata tse arohaneng haholo lipakeng tsa lipeo tse ngata. ”
Katleho ea methati ea ho matlafatsa taolo ea likokoanyana ka matla e ipapisitse le sebopeho sa eona sa limela. Hangata likarolo tseo e seng tsa lijalo tse etselitsoeng paballo ea linonyana kapa limela tse tsamaisang peo ha li etse mehlodi ka nako e le ngoe ho lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea likokoana-hloko. Patlisiso ea Tschumi e bonts'itse hore ho lira tsa tlhaho tse tharo, li-hoverflies li eketsehile ka ho fetesisa ka har'a lihlopha ha li bapisoa le litapole tse e potileng, ha batho ba lacewings le bo-ladybird ba boetse ba nyoloha haholo. Eric o lemosa hore ho na le nako e salang ho fihlela lira tsa tlhaho li na le nako ea ho aha linomoro, ka hona mokhoa oa IPM o sebelisang tlhaho le lik'hemik'hale tse joalo ka lioli tsa matsoai li tla ba bohlokoa.
E le karolo ea polasi ea SPOT ea AHDB, lipatlisiso tse ling ho Milton of Mathers li kenyelletsa ho shebella ho hlakoloa haulmm ho sebelisa metsoako ea taolo ea lik'hemik'hale le ea mochini; hammoho le taolo e tsitsitseng ea PCN. Ka mefuta ea mobu o mahareng, lijalo tsa litapole li lengoa ka motsoako oa mobu o nang le thepa le o hiriloeng o ikemiselitseng ho potoloha lilemo tse supileng ho isa ho tse robeli. Basebetsi ba bang litekong tsa lipalesa tsa naha ba kenyelletsa Alan Johnson ho Kings (Frontier) ea faneng ka peo Milton of Mathers, hammoho le projeke e ts'oanang e tsamaisoang ke Kingdom Farming, haufi le Glenrothes, Fife le David Parish ho tsoa ho Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust ( GWCT).